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所謂的生物質(zhì)，就是指包括植物材料和動(dòng)物廢料等有機(jī)物質(zhì)在內(nèi)的燃料，比如秸稈、稻殼、生物垃圾經(jīng)過(guò)特殊的加工設(shè)備加工后形成的一定形狀的含有熱量的物質(zhì)。反映在鍋爐行業(yè)，其主要包括分為生物質(zhì)蒸汽鍋爐、生物質(zhì)熱水鍋爐、生物質(zhì)熱風(fēng)爐、生物質(zhì)導(dǎo)熱油爐等。
生物質(zhì)鍋爐可以大致分為以下三類(lèi)：
類(lèi)：小型生物質(zhì)熱能鍋爐。此種鍋爐使用固化或氣化的生物質(zhì)燃料，提供熱水形式的熱能，它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是體積小，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，價(jià)格低；缺點(diǎn)是，能量損耗大，燃料消耗量大，熱能供給量低，無(wú)法滿足熱能需求量大的用戶，該種鍋爐目標(biāo)為單戶農(nóng)村家庭的取暖和生活熱水的供給。
第二類(lèi)：大型生物質(zhì)熱能鍋爐。此類(lèi)鍋爐目前并沒(méi)有實(shí)際產(chǎn)品，主要原因是現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)并不完善，且對(duì)于生物質(zhì)替代燃煤的政策不健全，因此，只停留在概念上。它所強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種集中管理、集中控制的熱能工程，鍋爐僅作為其中的一個(gè)設(shè)備，來(lái)保證整個(gè)生物質(zhì)熱能工程的正常運(yùn)行，因此，它對(duì)燃料、燃燒技術(shù)、配套技術(shù)、相關(guān)政策要求很高。
第三類(lèi)：中型生物質(zhì)熱能鍋爐。此類(lèi)鍋爐主要使用固化生物質(zhì)燃料，提供熱水或蒸汽。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是技術(shù)比較成熟，能量損耗小，熱能供給能力較強(qiáng)；缺點(diǎn)是部分鍋爐燃料結(jié)焦，配套設(shè)計(jì)不合理。
中譯英：
The so-called biomass, means including plant materials and animal waste and other organic substances, such as straw, rice husk, fuel, biological waste through the special processing equipment for processing after the formation of a certain shape containing a heat material. Reflected in the boiler industry, which mainly includes biomass steam boiler, hot water boiler, hot-blast stove of biomass biomass, biomass thermal oil boiler.
Biomass boiler can be roughly divided into the following three categories:
First class: biomass energy boiler. The boiler using a curing or gasification of biomass fuels, water forms of heat, it has the advantages of small volume, simple structure, low price; drawback is, the energy loss is big, fuel consumption, heat supply is low, unable to meet the energy demand of the user, the boiler target is a single rural households the heating and domestic hot water supply.
Second categories: large biomass thermal boiler. This kind of boiler at present and no actual products, is the main reason of the existing technology is not perfect, and the substitution of biomass coal national policy is not perfect, therefore, only stay in concept. It emphasizes is a kind of centralized management, centralized control of thermal energy engineering, boiler only as one of the equipment, to ensure the normal operation of biomass thermal engineering, therefore, it for fuel, combustion technology, supporting technology, relevant policy requirements of high.
Third: biomass thermal medium boiler. The main use of solidified biomass fuel boiler, hot water or steam. It has the advantage of the technology is more mature, less energy loss, energy supply ability; drawback is part of the boiler fuel coking, supporting the design is not reasonable.
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